Nail fungi - an infectious disease affecting the nail plate. In a severe form of current, it goes to the skin roll and can spread to other areas. Activating pathogenic microorganism is possible when visiting public places while wearing tight shoes, with weakened immunity, injuries.
About the onset of the development of the disease, a change in the color of the affected area, nail alignment, fragility, pain, peel and an unpleasant odor indicate a change in the color of the affected area. The diagnosis includes bacterial particles from the affected area, histology, cultural examination, blood test. Treatment of medicines. In some cases, surgical intervention is required.
Despite the thought that a person's shoes whose nails are affected by a fungal infection should be thrown, this is not the case.
It should be treated with a special apparatus, which, when placed inside, releases ultraviolet radiation and kills mushrooms.
It is also allowed to use a 40%solution of diluted vinegar in water. The shoes are wiped from the inside with the resulting composition and placed in a closed bag for several hours.
What is nail fungus
Despite the fact that onycomycosis (a nail fungus infection is not a life-threatening risk is an important problem of public health care due to high prevalence and therapeutic difficulties associated with high indicators of relapse and the progress of chronic lesions. There are certain consequences for patients, such as discomfort and painful reactions.
Dermatophytes are usually responsible for oncomycosis in places with a mild climate. By destroying keratin and absorbing its nutrients, they represent hyaline septic forms. The gif of these mycelial organisms penetrate the bold layer of skin and nails.
Fungal cells produce keratinolytic proteases that provide a way to move on to living cells. Some species are mainly soil saprophytes that gained the ability to digest keratinized particles and evolved so that they were able to parasitize animal keratin tissue.
The term "dermatofytosis" is used to prescribe infection by members of microsporum, trichophyte and epidermofite. Types that most commonly cause onychomycosis - trichophyte red, trichophyte mentorgrofitest and epidermofite of the following form (pathogen of epidermophitosis): The first two are more often involved as causal factors.
Only a red trichophyte is responsible for more than 80% of onychomycosis. Skin, hair, nail infection with incomplete shapes (stroller and scopulariopsis) are called "dermatomycosis". Both dermatophytes and incidents are identified as the only etiologic agents of onycomycosis.
The infection begins with staining and deforming nails, which causes pain and complicates their hair cut. In patients with complicating factors, it leads to damage to the surrounding tissue, can contribute to a secondary bacterial infection.
Moreover, recent studies have revealed the psychological, social and professional consequences of the situation, which seems to be underestimated by healthcare experts in dealing with this condition.
Doctors notice that nail fungus is a common problem that can affect people of all ages. The main symptoms include a change in nail color, their thickening and their fragility. Experts point out that an important aspect of treatment is early diagnosis, as advanced cases may require longer and more complex treatment. Doctors are recommended to use local and systemic antifungal drugs, depending on the degree of damage. Moreover, they focus on the need to meet hygiene rates and preventive measures, such as wearing appropriate shoes and using individual leg care. It is also important to remember that fungi can be transmitted from person to person, so ordinary baths and showers should be avoided.
How to treat nail fungus?
Statistics
Damage to the fungus on the nails is subjected to 5 to 15% of the population. With age, the prevalence of the pathological process increases to about 30% after reaching 65 years. However, it is worth noting that fungi often occur in children.
Approximately every 10 years, incidence rates increase 2. 5 times. At the same time, in childhood, it is only 3%, while among the adult population reaches up to 60%.
Unlike women, men are more affected by men. Moreover, the pathological process 3-7 times more often affects the lower limbs than the upper ones.
All types of parasitic fungi are combined in 3 groups.
Scrap in skin fungi
Fungal lesion is one of the most common pathologies that belong to skin diseases.
In 80% of patients, the disease develops against the backdrop of dermatophytic reproduction.
Explosive parasites are 5 times more likely to be located on the nails. Mold mushrooms are the rarest species.
In people with diabetes mellitus, the incidence rate is 3 times higher. In 90% of people with psoriasis, the probability of infection also increases by 2 times.
Reason
The risk factor is contact with the source of infection. For example, Trichophyte Verrucosum, evolving by ancestors living on land, infecting farmers, agricultural workers, veterinarians. Transmitted through direct contact or bites, although cases of infection received in the laboratory were also recorded.
Some unique factors for modern life led to the spread of onycomycosis. These include:
Treating nail fungus with a laser
Nail fungal laser therapy is an effective hardware method that helps to accelerate recovery.
True fungal infections are found on finger nails much more often than on the fingertips. This is due to the fact that they undergo greater friction and sweating. Ockssets and shoes contribute to a dark and wet mushroom environment.
Causes can include poor peripheral blood circulation, diabetes, repeated nail damage, inability or willingness to cut the nails in the foot correctly and to keep proper care for them. The risk increases with age and through the underlying nail disease.
Many people have faced the problem of nail fungus, and the thoughts of it are very diverse. Some argue that this is not only an aesthetic problem, but also a serious illness that requires a attentive approach. Many share their treatment experience, talking about various medicines and folk remedies. Some note that fungi can be returned even after successful treatment, which causes disappointment and fear of the infection. Others emphasize the importance of prevention, advising to monitor hygiene and avoid public places with high humidity. In general, a discussion of nail fungus is often accompanied by tips and recommendations, which indicates its spread and importance of the problem in society.
Nail mushrooms. Treatment of neglected shape of nail fungus
The types
The prevalence of nail fungus varies all over the world due to some cultural and socio-economic factors. Namely, it depends on geographical attraction, population, mycological traits and diagnostic methods used.
Four types of onycomycosis have been identified, characterized by a clinical manifestation and a route of invasion.
The onycomycosis of the distal and lateral submarine
It is observed in most cases and is almost always due to a dermatophytic infection. It acts on hyponichia, often along the edges of the lateral sides, spread proximally along the nail bed, which leads to under -hepherdia and onchilolysis, although the nail plate is not initially affected.
It can be confined to one side and spread to the side, covering the entire nail and progressing steadily until it reaches the back nail roll.
After all, the nail plate becomes loose, it can be separated, often due to damage, although the destruction is likely to be associated with invasion of dermatophytes that have keratolytic properties. Examination of the surrounding skin almost always detects signs of dermatophitosis.
Superficial onycomycosis of white
This is a dermatophytic infection caused by Trichophyton MentaGrofitest. A less common type affects the surface of the nail plate, which acquires a white color and significantly exfoliates (but onycoliza is not a feature of onchiomycosis).
It happens that a wrong diagnosis can be made when taken for "keratin grains" (reaction to nail plate). To confirm, it is necessary to perform a laboratory test.
Onycomycosis of proximal trays
A rare form of dermatophytic infections, often accompanied by inter -relevant diseases. Pathogenic fungi invade the nail plate of Eponichia and the nail matrix. Occurs in immunosuppressive patients.
Candidiasis onychomycosis
Another name is the nail infection with Candida yeast, classified by:
Preventing nail fungus
Nail and feet fungi are an infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria.
Distal yeast infection is rare (in patients with Raynaud's disease or another form of vascular failure).
Chronic paronichia occurs in raw conditions. The ellinging of the rear nail folding is secondary about a chronic wet state. The cuticle, separating from the nail plate, loses waterproof properties. Microorganisms penetrate the subcutaneous space, provoking the swelling of the rear folding.
Chronic candidacy with mucous loop covers the mucosa of the mucosa, which is caused by a decrease in cellular immunity. The clinical signs vary depending on the severity of the immunosuppression, in severe cases there is a complete thickening of the nail.
Secondary candidate onycomycosis occurs due to a number of nail diseases, mainly psoriasis.
Total dystrophic onycomycosis is used to describe nail disease in the last stage, although some clinics consider it a separate subtype. It can be the end result of any of the four main models of oncomicosis.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of fungi are the stretch of the nail and the change of its color to white, black, yellow or green. As the infection progresses from the initial phase to a neglected form, they become fragile, the pieces are broken by it. If you do not treat it, then the skin under the nail and the surrounding is inflamed, sore or peel. It has an unpleasant odor.
Onikomycosis in patients with weakened immunity is a very serious health problem. Not only a severe infection serves as a constant reminder to the patient for his worsening condition, but there is a possibility of transferring fungal pathogens to another person.
Troubleshooting
Clinical representation of deformed nails should warn the doctor about the possibility of onhomicosis. But since fungi are the only cause of half of all lesions, it is necessary to be careful in order to correctly identify the signs and symptoms of other diseases that simulate onycomycosis and distinguish different etiologies.
These include psoriasis, lichen, bacterial infections, contact dermatitis, traumatic onhestrophy, congenital pachionichia, yellow nail syndrome, idiopathic onycolysis. Repeated nail injury can lead to distal oncolis - colonization of the damaged area with microorganisms that produce its pigmentation.
The use of appropriate diagnostic methods includes:
The first step in the sampling process is a complete cleaning of the nail area from the alcohol of the bacteria. Since occupation sites and localization of infections vary in the types of oncomycosis, different approaches are practiced to obtain optimal samples depending on the claimed diagnosis.
Treatment
The main purpose of treatment is to destroy the body demonstrated by microscopy and culture. Clinical improvement - secondary and based on a strict system for evaluating nail abnormalities.
It is important to acknowledge that the successful destruction of the fungus does not always lead to the proper nail shape, as they can be deformed in the infection.
The main methods of treatment are relevant or oral antifungal medicines:
The main task is how to determine mycosis and provide relevant treatment. At this stage, some relevant medicines are only under development and testing. Those available in the pharmaceutical market are unable to provide a full guarantee in the cure.
To overcome the restrictions of traditional compositions, an effective system is needed that can give antifungal agents deep to the nail.
For example, the chemical processing of the affected area, which apparently improves the results. Keratolytic agents, such as papain, urea and salicylic acid, are used to increase the penetration of antifungal drugs.
PREVENTION
Everyone is closest to see his nails and can quickly recognize any changes. Even with a fungal infection, compliance with preventive measures is observed. After daily washing, the legs are completely wiped, especially the drying between the fingers.
It is preferable to wear cotton socks, use good dust or spray. Nails should be kept skillfully shortened. Both manicure and pedicure can be useful and sometimes allow you to really get rid of organisms (in the initial stage of infection).
In the last decade, significant successes have occurred in the development of effective and safe medication, but nail fungi will surely remain a disease of modern civilization, which is difficult to get rid of. The environmental conditions that contribute to this are associated with longevity and an increasing number of people with weakened immunity.
Perhaps the most important task today is the exact diagnosis of a causal agent, which allows the choice of an optimal antifungal drug whose activity spectrum covers infectious microorganism.
Questioning
What is the most effective remedy for fungi on the nails?
The active substance of the hydrochloride of naphthafin quickly penetrates the lesions, destroys pathogenic microorganisms at the cellular level. The solution and nail plate contains amorolfin hydrochloride.
How to remove the fungus on the nails at home?
One twice a week, it is recommended to make baths for the feet in warm water (37-38 degrees Celsius) with the addition of sea salt (100 g) or a pinch of citric acid (50 g per 5 liters of water). Since fungi are afraid of the acidic environment, such therapy helps to reduce the amount of fungal cells on the skin of the feet and nails.
What is afraid of fungi on the nails?
What is afraid of fungi on the nails? Onychomycosis does not like exposure to baking salt, hydrochloric solutions, hydrogen peroxide, temperature exposure over 60 degrees.
Is it possible to cure nails vinegar and soda?
Often, with nail fungus, vinegar solutions, soda, iodine, celandine or herbal infusions are used. However, these funds can only solve a surface problem. If the mushrooms have already entered the nail bed and the matrix, the popular methods will be useless. On the contrary, they often provoke inflammation, irritating soft tissue.
advise
Council no. 1
Switching nail condition regularly. Pay attention to changes in the color, structure and shape of the nails. Early detection of fungi will help to avoid spreading it and facilitating treatment.
Council no. 2
Mront your feet in dryness. Mushrooms prefer a wet environment, so try to wear breathing shoes and change socks as often as possible, especially after physical activity or in hot weather.
Council no. 3
Avoid high humidity public places, such as saunas, pools and closet rooms. If you still need to go there, use special protective shoes or slippers to minimize the risk of infection.
Council no. 4
Contact the doctor at the first signs of the fungus. Do not have it yourself, as improper treatment can exacerbate the problem. A specialist will be able to prescribe effective medicines and make nail care recommendations.